How to Create Password Protected Zip File or Directories in Linux

Zip is a widely used utility for packaging and compressing data.
It is available on all major operating systems including, Linux and FreeBSD. It is useful for
backing up information and saving disk spaces. Moreover, zip files
are easier to store and share amongst peers. However, everyday zip
files can be opened by anyone who has access to them. So, if you
want to protect your information from falling into the wrong hands,
you might want to password protected zip file. Today, we will show
you how to do this easily using the readily available zip utility for Linux. ^[1][2]

Create Password Protected Zip File
or Directories

Zip is an all in one solution that provides both packaging and
compressing facilities. It is also very easy to add privacy by
means of passwords. We will show you how to create Linux zip files
with a password using both the terminal and the graphical
interface.

Create Zip Files in Linux from the
Terminal

Before proceeding, make sure that the zip utility is available
on your machine. It is usually pre-installed in most major Linux distributions^[3]. You can check for its
existence by running the following command.

$ zip --version

If Zip is not available, install it by running one of the
following commands in your Linux terminal emulator.^[4]

$ sudo apt install zip
$ sudo yum install zip

Now, first, see how to create a simple zip file without any
password. The below command will create a zip of five individual
files.

$ zip files.zip test1 test2 test3 test4 test5
$ zip files.zip test{1,2,3,4,5}

However, the files.zip document is not very
secure since anybody can extract the original files by using the
unzip command in Linux. We can add a password for files.zip by
using the -P or –password option
of Zip. The below command demonstrates this.

$ zip -P 12345 files.zip test1 test2 test3 test4 test5
$ zip --password 12345 files.zip test{1,2,3,4,5}

Both of the above commands are equivalent and creates a password
protected zip file called files.zip.

However, there is one caveat in this operation. Since we are
supplying the password as plaintext in the terminal, other users on
the system might be able to view this password. Thankfully, you can
use the -e or –encrypt option to
add a hidden password for your zip.

$ zip -e files.zip test1 test2 test3 test4 test5
$ zip --encrypt files.zip test1 test2 test3 test4 test5
Enter password: 
Verify password:

When you type any of the above commands and press enter, a
prompt will appear, asking for the password. This password is not
echoed in your terminal. The command also verifies the password to
make sure users have not made spelling mistakes. Now, whenever you
want to extract your files, zip will ask for the password. Use the
unzip command in Linux to extract the files.zip
document.

$ unzip files.zip

Create Zip Files of Directories
from the Terminal

Creating zip files of directories is entirely identical to
files. Simply pass the name of the directory instead of the file
names. Take a quick look at the below command to see how this
works.

$ zip -P 12345 dir.zip test/

It creates a Linux zip with a password called
dir.zip. The content of this zip file is a
directory named test, which may contain any number of
files/directories on its own. Use the following command to password
protect zip files of directories securely.

$ zip -e dir.zip test/

You can unzip dir.zip easily by using the Linux
unzip command, as shown in the below example.

$ unzip dir.zip

Create Zip Files in Linux from the
GUI

Do not worry if you are not very fluent in using Linux terminal commands^[5]. You can easily create
zip files with passwords directly from the graphical user
interface. The below image shows how to create such a file using
the GUI on a Ubuntu system.

Simply select the files you want to compress by left-clicking
your mouse and holding, then right-click and select the
Compress option from the menu. Simply enter the
name for the output zip file in the appropriate placeholder and
click on Other Options to expand an additional
dialog box. Here you will find the Password field.
Finally, enter your password in this box and click on the
Create button above.

Select -> Right Click -> Compress -> ADD
FILENAME -> Other Options -> ADD PASSWORD ->
Create

As you can see, it is a fairly simple process. However, the
terminal method is way more productive since it saves a lot of
clicks and navigation. You can unzip the file by following the
below steps.

Right Click -> Extract Here -> ENTER PASSWORD
-> Select OK

The process is entirely the same for compressing directories
from GUI. Try that on your own to make sure you’ve learned to
password protect zip files or directories correctly.

Ending Thoughts

We have shown how to protect your zip files with passwords using
the command line and the GUI. However, we haven’t focused on
compression for this guide. Although zip has universal appeal, it
does not provide the best compression results. So, if compression
is more important to you, then you should use the gzip or bzip2
compressions alongside Linux tar archives.

These are modular utilities that are much more popular among
Linux power users due to their reliability and performance.
Hopefully, we will write a cover-up on these very soon. Stay with
us till then, and don’t forget to leave a comment if you have any
questions regarding Linux zip with passwords.